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  一、代詞

  (五)具體與不具體指代

  1.含義：

  不同代詞表示的指代方式不同，分為具體指代和不具體指代。

  2.用法：

  (1)it/them具體指代，前單數/后復數。

  例如：

  He bought a car and gave it to me.(it具體指代前句賓語a car。)

  I bought two pens and gave them to him.(them具體指代前句賓語two pens。)

  (2)one/ones不具體指代，前單數/后復數。

  例如：

  This table is longer than that one.(one指代table，但不確定是哪個桌子。)

  Do heavy objects always fall faster than light ones?(ones指代objects，但不確定是哪些物體。)

  (3)that/those不具體指代，前單數/后復數。

  例如：

  The climate of A is as dry as that of B.(that指代climate，但不確定是哪里的天氣。)

  The buildings of A is as high as those of B.(those指代buildings，但不確定是哪里的大樓。)

  (4)the one/the ones不具體指代，前單數/后復數。

  例如：

  ---Which picture is more beautiful? ---The one on the left.(the one指代picture，但不確定是哪里的圖片。)

  These books are more difficult than the ones we read just now.(the ones指代these books，但不確定是哪些書。)

  真題檢測

  真題檢測1

  (2016-05NA-Q11) Examining the model, the researchers determined that one had found a new species, a 75-million-year-old crocodile.

  A. NO CHANGE

  B. he or she

  C. they

  D. it

  解析：通過one等選項看出是代詞具體還是不具體指代的考點，根據代詞一般指代主語的規則，本句中代詞指代主語researchers, 排除one, he or she, it等選項，所以排除A/B/D三個選項，所以選C。

  注：2016-05NA-Q11為2016年5月北美真題11題。

  真題檢測2

  (2016-05AS-Q44) For both commercial and, arguably, creative reasons, then, no transition was more successful than those from the Golden to Silver Age.

  A. NO CHANGE

  B. one's

  C. their

  D. his

  解析：通過those等選項看出是代詞具體還是不具體指代的考點，根據代詞一般指代主語的規則，本句中代詞指代主語transition，排除those, these, DELETE等選項，所以排除A/B/D三個選項，所以選C。

  注：2016-05AS-Q44為2016年5月亞太真題44題。

  真題檢測3

  (2016-11AS-Q36) By compiling medical statistics and making it comprehensible and persuasive, Nightingale showed that such information can help shape public policy and improve the quality of health care.

  A. NO CHANGE

  B. his or hers

  C. one

  D. them

  解析：通過it等選項看出是代詞具體還是不具體指代的考點，根據句意判斷，本句中代詞指代statistics。需要注意statistics有兩個含義：表示“統計學”是單數，表示“統計數字”是復數。本句中statistics表示醫療數據，所以是復數。所以排除it, his or hers, one等選項，所以排除A/B/C三個選項，所以選D。

  注：2016-11AS-Q36為2016年11月亞太真題36題。

  真題檢測4

  (2017-05AS-Q44) However, proponents contend that the investment is worthwhile because they enable companies to retain the most talented employees.

  A. NO CHANGE

  B. those enable

  C. any of them enables

  D. it enables

  解析：通過they等選項看出是代詞具體還是不具體指代的考點，根據代詞一般指代主語的規則，本句中代詞指代主語investment，排除they enable, those enable, any of them enables等選項，所以排除A/B/C三個選項，所以選D。

  注：2017-05AS-Q44為2017年5月亞太真題44題。

  真題檢測5

  (2016-12NA-Q8) Some English teachers have accidentally found positions by chance, traveling to a city of their choice and then answering a local ad, but experts recommend that it is better for one to establish connections with a school before you travel.

  A. NO CHANGE

  B. for someone

  C. for them

  D. DELETE the underlined portion.

  解析：通過one等選項看出是代詞具體還是不具體指代的考點，根據句意專家推薦人們在到達學校之前聯系好學校，無需指代任何一個人，所以直接選DELETE the underlined portion選項，所以排除A/B/C三個選項，所以選D。

  注：2016-12NA-Q8為2016年12月北美真題8題。

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